Wash water rate, injection location and quality the amount of water, injection point of the water, and the. Electrical desalter is typical methods of crude oil desalting. The crude oil and the water are run through a mix valve which brings the salts in contact with the water droplets. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting. The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes was calculated based on the bsw measurement, and oil salinity. Pdf desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil. Stabilizing the crude unit has a ripple effect to downstream process units and the wastewater treatment plant wwtp. Often there are several sets of these desalters in a series. Step 0 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. Description process group offers a range of technology options to cover most typical processing requirements related to crude oil desalting. Crude oil pretreatment desalting petroleum refinery. In the process description section, the desalting process. On the way to the desalter, water is added at a mixing valve to dissolve the watersoluble deposits such as salts.
A composition and method for improving the removal of corrosive contaminants from crude oil within the desalter in a petroleum refinery. This will reduce the salt content in the crude oil to the acceptable limits of 15 to 20 ptb pounds of salt, expressed as equivalent sodium chloride, per thousand barrels of oil. Process group has developed a range of crude oil dewatering and desalting technologies to be applied in appropriate situations. The hot crude oil is then passed into a distillation column that allows the separation of the crude oil into different fractions depending on the difference in volatility.
Modeling and optimization of desalting process in oil industry. Desalters provide more protection to costly refinery equipment than any other single piece of process hardware. Crude oil desalterdehydration howebaker international. Study of selected petroleum refining residuals industry study part 1 august 1996 u. How to crude oil desalting process in refinnerypetroleum. The scheme of the crude oil desalting process is presented in fig. The history of crude oil desaltingdehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the. Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting are chemical. The process starts by mixing the raw crude oil with an appropriate amount of washing water also known as dilution water. Although distillation is usually known as the first process in petroleum refineries, in many cases, desalting should take place before distillation figure 3.
Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical additives financial benefits whether it be extending equipment life due to corrosion inhibition, increasing production output due to enhanced deposit control, or shortening the the startup time during sulphidation operations, we have resolved to provide you. Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters malaysia. During storage of the crude, this water settles in the storage tanks and is periodically drained off. The amine maximizes the yield of wash water removed from the desalter and substantially improves the removal of acid generating corrosive elements. Optimization of operating parameters of oil desalting in southern. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. Petroleum is typically produced as a waterinoil emulsion.
Process engineering department, laboratory of process engineering, ouargla. New logic research case using v sep to treat desalter. Desalting is a part of the refining process, in which, salts and water are removed from the crude oil prior to distillation. Covers process descriptions, design method, operating procedures, and troubleshooting in great detail. During the desalting process, the challenge is to overcome the existence of an emulsion layer at the interface between oil and water. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting. A crude oil preheat train consisting of 8 process to process heat exchangers, 1 desalter unit, 3 cold utilities and one firedheater as hot utility is used. Classification and estimation of unmeasured process. Electrical desalter is the typical method of crudeoil desalting. Feb 09, 2017 an improved method and process unit for desalting petroleum crude oils in which a portion of the stable emulsion layer which forms in the desalter vessel is withdrawn from the desalter and diluted with a liquid diluent, typically oil or water or both to destabilize the emulsion which is then separated into separate oil and water phases.
Salts in crude oil are harmful in the petroleum refining process. Crude oil desalting the desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Some of the reasons why crude oil desalting is necessary are. We consider and treat all components that affect the desalter feed quality to improve crude unit operations. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil.
The crude oils are critical to desalting and dewatering before distillation 4. An amine is added to the wash water or to the crude oil prior to processing in the desalter. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. This improves asset reliability and ensures environmental compliance. Desalter process the desalter s purpose is to remove inorganic chlorides along with watersoluble deposits from crude oil.
A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove inorganic salts, water and sediment from the incoming petroleum crude oil feedstock before it is refined. Crude oil desalting using hydrocyclones pdf free download. Crude oil management approach baker hughes, a ge company. The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes, dehydration and hydrocarbon crude intake in the water was calculated based on. The main variables that impact the crude oil desalting process were analyzed by developing mathematical models that represent the variation of maya crude oil density, conductivity and viscosity as.
History, process and products nearly every aspect of our modern lifestyle is impacted by oil. An improved method and process unit for desalting petroleum crude oils in which a portion of the stable emulsion layer which forms in the desalter vessel is withdrawn from the desalter and diluted with a liquid diluent, typically oil or water or both to destabilize the emulsion which is then separated into separate oil and water phases. The principle consists of injecting a determined quantity of additives at one or several points on the crude oil production system. There are several strategies to address crude contaminants before the desalter that also aid the desalting process. Crude oil desalting introduction poor desalting has the following effects.
The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. Salt dissolved in water brine enters the crude stream as a contaminant during the production or transportation of oil to refineries. Corrosion mitigation in crude oil process by implementation. This salt needs to be removed so that the crude oil can be processed in a refinery or stabilizer plant without fouling heaters and exchangers and other equipment. Depending on the downstream process, a limit of between 1 10 ptb of salt is usually specified which can require additional treatment beyond dehydration. Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical.
Results showed that the contactor improved desalting, water in the crude oil was reduced and crude carry. Electrostatic coalescers are applied as the final separation step to break up emulsions and reduce the remaining water fraction dehydration. Salt in the crude stream presents serious corrosion and scaling problems and must be removed. Crude oil desalting technology is utilised to remove residual salt to meet these requirements. Crude oil desalting conclusion when the process control variables are properly adjusted, a 90% salt rejection can be achieved. The history of crude oil desalting dehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the chemical treatment phase, the electrical enhancement phase and the dilution water phase. Environmental protection agency office of solid waste hazardous waste identification division. Crude oil desalting process phillips petroleum company. The type and size of the desalter that is used is dependent upon a number of fundamental factors such as pressure, temperature, fluid viscosity and flowrate, as well as customer requirements relating to maximum salt allowed in the product oil stream. Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl. Pretreatment of the crude oil is important if the crude oil is to be carried effectively and to. Operating pressure of the desalter minimum pressure must be sufficient to maintain desalter content in liquid. The crude oil leaves the desalter from the top along with small brine droplets. The undercarry from the desalter conatins the produced water that came.
Modeling and optimization of crude oil desalting by shahrokh ilkhaani a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for. The process starts by mixing the raw crude oil with an appropriate amount of washing water also known as. Petroleum downstream crash course 6 desalting youtube. From crude oil how oil refining works howstuffworks. Crude oil comes from the field, which contains a mixture of elements like inorganic metal, water, mud. The structure of this preheat train is based on the heat exchanger network studied by ahmad et al. Crude stills historically the oldest refining process only the first step in crude oil processing purpose to recover light materials fractionate into sharp light fractions configuration may be as many as three columns in series crude stabilizerpreflashcolumn reduce traffic in the atmospheric column. The purpose of crude oil desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to distillation. Crude oil conductivity crude oil quality association.
Clean dilution or wash water is injected into the crude oil feed to the desalter through a mixing device to dilute. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining of a refinery. Crude oil introduced to refinery processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, corrosion byproduct, etc. Oil is used to power our vehicles, to create medicines that keep us healthy, and to make the plastics, cosmetics, and other personal products that enhance our daily lives. It is recognized that an electric field can be used to mix the dilution water and the crude oil at high efficiencies in the course of the emulsification stage. Nov 14, 2017 3d animated process flow video created by squartech solutions. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. These contaminants need to be removed to refine the oil into a finished product. Salt is dissolved within the remnant brine of the crude oil.
Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals. Salts carried with the products act as catalyst poisons in catalytic cracking units. Desalting water analysis a large portion of the water used in the crude desalting process is recycled. The desalting of crude oil is an important step in crude oil processing. The purpose of a desalting system is to reduce the salt content of the treated oil to acceptable levels. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. Simplified desalting process flow diagrams for different configurations. Sulfides, salts, tds, and oil desalting unit the desalting process produces salt water from the washing of the crude oil. Pretreatment of the crude oil is important if the crude oil is to be carried effectively and to be processed without. To remove the salts, wash water is added mixed under turbulence to the crude in the incoming crude feed line. Modelling and optimising of crude oil desalting process. Corrosion in the crude distillation unit overhead line. A process for desalting a crude oil comprises 1 injecting steam into the oil to form a steaminjected oil. When the salinity of the produced brine is not too high, merely ensuring that there is a low fraction of water in the oil can reduce salt content.
In that case, the terms desalting and emulsion treating effectively have the same meaning, and. Bhge can help you overcome these concerns with our comprehensive crude oil management approach, which includes a suite of tools and technologies that provide the best feedstock preparation and desalting performance possible to maximize your profitability and minimize your risk. Crude oil comes with a considerable amount of water. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. Therefore, the mixing valve element is replaced with electric mixing.
Where there are two desalting stages for desalting crude oil, the. It may still be used if an outof specification crude, contained. Desalter debris cleaning methods for increased efficiency. The desalting process works by washing the crude with clean water and then removing the water to leave dry, low salt crude oil liu et al. The type and size of the desalter that is used is dependent. Desalting electrostatic coalescers are also applied for desalting in order to reduce the crude s salt content. Petroleum crude oil desalting process and unit exxonmobil. Crude oil desalting desalting process to remove salts from crude oil, waterin oil emulsion has to be broken, thus producing a. How to crude oil desalter process in refinnerypetroleum a desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters project standards and specifications page 2 of 12 rev. Operating and mechanical design conditions the following conditions shall be specified by the company. Electric desalting and dewatering of crude oil emulsion based on. This article focuses on the use of electrostatic desalters to produce a dehydrated, desalted crude oil with a low sediment content.
Pdf article open access a comprehensive electrical model. The process can also be similarly employed in a multistage desalting process. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters project standards and specifications page 5 of 12 rev.
Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting technology for crude oil combines five technologies to provide a compact, reliable, and effective desalter with a single vessel. Also, crude desalter efficiency and process water quality in the overhead accumulator vessel. Big strike lead french oilrefining basicly paralyzed. Understanding the process of crude oil desalting desalters. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical. Desalting removes both salt and the residual free water. Since the sample take off point is typically in a hazardous environment the adi 2045 ex proof process analyzer is designed and equipped to meet directives 949ec atex95. Pdf article open access a comprehensive electrical.
In this research, an electrical mixing method is developed as a substitute for the second mixing valve. The most important process parameters such as throughput, temperature or dewpoint and data from injection of neutralising and filming amines were recorded during one year. Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus reducing the heat transfer efficiency. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. In recent times, the proper cachet would be the controloptimisation phase marked by terms such as ddp process control, desalter optimisation control or ddp.
References throughout this standard the following dated and undated standards. In petroleum industry normally emulsions encountered are some kind of water droplets dispersed in a continuous phase of oil. This is the reason why they are typically applied in upstream applications. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical additives financial benefits whether it be extending equipment life due to corrosion inhibition, increasing production output due to enhanced deposit control, or shortening the the startup time during. The desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Effects of process conditions on desalting and demetalization of. May 05, 1998 where there are two desalting stages for desalting crude oil, the process can be carried out in either the first stage or second stage, or both stages. However, none of these products would exist without the. Process group offers a range of technology options to cover most typical processing requirements related to crude oil desalting. Juan pereira is grateful to the projects 201003 cdchuc and peii20121184 peifonacit for funding. The two most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical and electrostatic separation, and both use hot water as the extraction agent.
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